What is it?
Gynecomastia is a benign condition characterized by the enlargement of breast tissue in males. It primarily occurs due to an imbalance in hormone levels, specifically an excess of estrogen (female hormones) or a deficiency in androgens (male hormones). The condition is common in three phases of a man's life: infancy, adolescence, and older adulthood. While usually harmless physically, gynecomastia can cause psychological distress and impact a person's self-esteem and body image.
When is surgery indicated?
The surgical treatment for gynecomastia is primarily considered in the following cases:
- Persistent gynecomastia: If gynecomastia persists despite non-surgical interventions, such as changes in medication, lifestyle modifications or treatment of underlying conditions;
- Psychological distress: If the condition is causing significant psychological distress, such as anxiety, depression, or severe embarrassment;
- Pain and discomfort: In some cases, gynecomastia can lead to physical discomfort and pain.
How is the procedure performed?
Gynecomastia surgery, also known as male breast reduction surgery, is typically performed under general anesthesia. The specific surgical technique used depends on the extent of the gynecomastia, the cause, and the patient's preference. Two main surgical approaches are used: liposuction and mastectomy.
- Liposuction: This technique is used when gynecomastia is primarily the result of excess fatty tissue. A small incision is made, typically in an inconspicuous location, and a cannula is used to vacuum out the fatty tissue;
- Mastectomy: This technique is used when there is a significant amount of glandular breast tissue or if there is sagging skin. The surgeon makes an incision and removes the glandular tissue, and in some cases, excess skin as well.
What shape of scars are used?
The shape of the scar depends on the specific surgical approach. If liposuction is performed, the scar is typically a small, round mark in a relatively hidden location, such as the edge of the areola or under the armpit. If a mastectomy is required, the scar is usually around the edge of the areola (periareolar) or within the natural creases of the chest (infra mammary fold) . Surgeons always aim to place incisions in areas that minimize visible scarring.
Can it be combined with other surgeries?
Gynecomastia surgery can be performed in conjunction with other procedures, provided the patient is in good health and understands the increased risks of combined surgeries. Common procedures combined with gynecomastia surgery include liposuction in other areas, abdominoplasty (tummy tuck), or facial plastic surgeries.